Friday 19 January 2007 at 20:30 CET on Europe by Satellite

Nationalism and Religion in the Balkans

Coverage of a Conference held in Paris on 15 January 2007

Nationalism and Religions in the Balkans, a Conference organised by the Robert Schuman Foundation in Paris on 15 January 2007.

Full transcript and shot list

English translation is provided after the French original transcript

INTERVIEW

Jean François TERRAL, Director for Europe in the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs

00:00 On the consequences of the elections in France on enlargement

FRENCH

“Sur les conséquences des échéances politiques françaises, je peux pas me prononcer mais enfin il y a toujours beaucoup de continuité dans la politique étrangère des pays et s’agissant de ce que vous avez à l’esprit, c’est-à-dire la perspective européenne des pays des Balkans, il y a quand même des engagements qui ont été pris par tous les pays européens, ce sont les engagements de la conférence de Zagreb, de la conférence de Thessalonique, je suppose que les choses vont continuer dans cette direction ».

ENGLISH TRANSLATION

« On the consequences of the French elections I cannot tell but there is always much continuity in the foreign policies of the countries and talking about what you have in mind , the European perspective of the Balkan countries, there are commitments that have been taken by all European countries – the commitments for the Zagreb conference and the Thessaloniki conference and I suppose that things will continue in that direction”

00 :32 On the referendum to be organised in France before every new enlargement after Croatia

“Du côté français il faut voir ça comme une exigence démocratique, comme la possibilité aux français de peser sur des décisions qui les concernent. Pour ce qui est des pays des Balkans, je pense que ça signifie qu’ils doivent être convaincants dans leurs politiques de réformes et de satisfaction aux standards européens. D’une certaine façon il leur appartient, en termes de marketing, de savoir se vendre. »

« From the French side, it has to be seen as a democratic requirement, a possibility for the French people to influence decisions that are about them. As far as Balkan countries are concerned, I think they will need to be convincing in their reform policies and in satisfying the European standards. In a way it is up to them to know how to sell themselves, marketing-wise.”

01 :09 On the political dialogue in Macedonia

“Je crois que on peut dire qu’il y a des sujets qui doivent transcender les oppositions partisanes, par exemple dès qu’il est question de conforter les relations interethniques pour le bien du pays, il faut aller au-delà des clivages politiques, concrètement tous les partis doivent accepter l’application totale, qui est un processus de moyen terme, des accords d’Ohrid. De la même façon quand il s’agit de la perspective européenne offerte au pays, des réformes qu’il faut faire pour y parvenir, c’est un sujet qui dépasse les clivages politiques et donc si dans le contexte actuel qui découle des récentes élections avec l’apparition d’une nouvelle majorité, si les partis sont capables de dialoguer entre eux, et bien, ma foi, c’est la meilleure des choses possibles et c’est même plus que la meilleure des choses possibles, c’est indispensable. »

« We can say that some topics need to transcend partisan oppositions, e.g. when it comes to comforting interethnic relations for the good of the country, you need to go beyond political differences. Concretely, all parties have to accept the total implementation, which is a mid term process, of the Ohrid agreement. In the same way when it comes to the European perspective of the country, the reforms that have to be implemented in that purpose, it is a topic that goes beyond political differences and in the present post electoral situation and the appearance of a new majority, if the parties are able to have a dialogue, well that is the best of things, it is even more than the best of things, it is indispensable.”

02 :14 On Kosovo and possible destabilisation

“On en est au stade où le représentant du secrétaire général, Mr Ahtisaari, doit présenter des propositions qui ont été longuement mûries, qui procèdent des discussions techniques qui ont été tenues à Vienne, qui procèdent aussi du dialogue entre Mr Ahtisaari et les pays du Groupe de Contact. Il va mettre ses propositions sur la table, on va voir, ça v prendre un certain temps, il faut que ces propositions soient discutées. Vous me parlez de troubles, des troubles naturellement seraient dommageables à ce processus et il appartient aux responsables politiques au Kosovo, de toutes les communautés de montrer le sens le plus aigu de responsabilité. »

« We are at the stage where the representative of the Secretary general, Mr Ahtisaari should present propositions which have been long matured, which come from technical discussions held in Vienna, from the dialogue between Mr Ahtisaari and the countries of the Contact Group. He will put his proposals on the table, we’ll see, it will take some time, the propositions need to be discussed. You talk about incidents, they would of course be damageable to the process and it is up to the political persons in charge in Kosovo, up to every community to show the finest sense of responsibility”

Général Yves de KERMABON, Former Head of KFOR on Kosovo

03:07 On possible destabilisation on Kosovo

“Vous savez il est toujours difficile de prévoir l’avenir et par définition dans les Balkans c’est toujours plus difficile qu’ailleurs et l’expérience a prouvé qu’on pouvait se tromper mais compte tenu de la connaissance que j’ai du terrain, compte tenu de la situation dans laquelle nous sommes aujourd’hui, ce risque existe mais je suis relativement optimiste, je pense qu’il est assez minime. Et pour moi, il n’y a pas un risque de déstabilisation totale, bien sûr peut-être un risque d’incidents, un risque de manifestations mais je n’envisage pas une déstabilisation ou en tous cas des évènements semblables à ceux qu’on a pu connaître dans le passé. »

« You know, it is always difficult to foresee the future and by definition in the Balkans it’s even more difficult and the experience has shown that one can be wrong, but given the knowledge I have of the ground and given the present situation, the risk exists but I am quite optimistic and I think it is a minimal risk. And for me, there is no danger of total destabilisation, maybe incidents or demonstrations but I do not foresee a destabilisation or events such as we had in the past.”

03 :47 On the main challenges ahead for Kosovo

“Je crois que le Kosovo a des défis à affronter extrêmement importants. Le statut est une étape, je ne sais pas ce qu’il sera. Je sais ce que souhaitent les Kosovars, je sais ce que souhaitent les Serbes, je ne sais pas ce que va proposer Mr Ahtisaari mais dans tous les cas de toute façon ça ne résoudra pas les problèmes du Kosovo qui sont essentiellement des problèmes économiques, des problèmes de sécurité intérieure, de lutte contre le crime organisé et puis un problème d’éducation des jeunes qui est extrêmement important aujourd’hui pour les préparer à l’avenir, leur donner cette notion de dignité humaine, de respect de la vie et de les faire grandir dans un Kosovo qui leur appartient. »

« I think that Kosovo has extremely important challenges to face. The status is a stage and I don’t know what it will be. I know what Kosovars want, I know what Serbs want but I don’t know what Mr Ahtisaari will propose. In any case it will not solve the problems in Kosovo which are mainly economic, problems of homeland security, fight against organised crime and then a problem of education of the youth. It is very important to prepare them today to the future problems, give them a sense of human dignity, respect for life and let them grow in a Kosovo which belongs to them.”

04 :26 On EU mission in Kosovo

« Vous savez qu’aujourd’hui l’UE va succéder aux Nations Unies, donc ce sera essentiellement un rôle d’accompagnement je pense, au Kosovo, mais pas seulement, dans les Balkans, les Balkans font partie de l’Europe et l’Europe a une forte responsabilité, sous réserve bien sûr que les pays des Balkans participent, fassent les efforts nécessaires, fassent le travail eux-mêmes. Elle va donc prendre la place de NU, en revanche dans le domaine qui est le mien, de sécurité et de défense, pour l’instant il n’est pas question que l’UE relève l’OTAN. L’OTAN restera en place encore pour un certain temps avec un force conséquente, qui sera en même temps une force de stabilisation et de dissuasion, surtout amener à contribuer, ou en tous cas par sa présence à donner l’environnement nécessaire, à la fois aux forces de police dont c’est la principale responsabilité mais aussi à la population de prendre en compte cet avenir. »

« You know that the EU will take over from the United Nations, it will be mainly a supporting role in Kosovo, but also all over the Balkans, the Balkans are a part of Europe and Europe has a heavy responsibility, but only if the Balkans take part in this, make the necessary efforts, do the work themselves. EU will take the UN’s place but in the field of security and defence the EU cannot take NATO’s place. NATO will stay there for some more time with a consequent force which will in the same time be a force of stabilisation and deterrence, most of all contributing or by its presence provide the necessary environment to the police forces whose principal responsibility it is but also to the population that will have to take the future into account.”

Doris PACK, Member of the European Parliament

05:27 On the possibility to open negotiations for Macedonia under German Presidency

“I think it’s too early in the next six months, I think they have to how they are really a stable government and working on fulfilling the Ohrid agreement and then maybe they will ask to start the negotiations. I’m not aware when they have planned to ask for negotiations, so I think let them do it. It’s not so important the date. Important is that the country is changing its habits, it doesn’t matter if they are negotiating or not because if they have changed things before, in the end they are much closer in the negotiations to end the negotiations. They have to do, they have to work, it doesn’t matter if the negotiations have started or not.”

06:16 On what is expected from the elections in Serbia

“We are expecting them to have a government which can rely on democratic forces and I think this government will at least decide to cooperate better with the Tribunal in the Hague and I hope very much that solution which will be proposed by Mr. Ahtisaari will not create more confused situation than it is, I hope that at least Serbia can live with its solution so that at least Serbia can restart and start the future of their youth, because they had the most to suffer compared with the others speaking on the time, they lost the most time and I think if they can restart after these elections and the solution for Kosovo, it will be good for the youth of Serbia.”

07:11 On the question of the Macedonian minority in Bulgaria

“We are always asking our member states to fulfil the criteria which are based on our values, so minorities have to be respected and the rights of the minorities are very high on our agenda, so if these problems are still problems the Parliament is the one who will take care of it.”

Pantelis SKLIAS from the Konstantin Karamanlis Institute for democracy

07:37 On the European future of the Western Balkans

“Our position is that we would not like to have a hole in the EU. I think it would be wiser and more fruitful and positive for everybody that the Western Balkans have a clear path towards EU without exception. Of course it must be also understood that the EU is about values and principles and those values and principles have to be respected by everybody. Eventually as soon as a state or potential member really come to the level and standards and the quality of standards that respect those values and principles, then those countries should become members of the EU.”

08:23 On the German presidency

“I think that the German presidency has already put a very clear agenda concerning the issue of the European treaty, I don’t think it’s going to be a new Constitution and the way to go forward. Eventually I think that through this process the Western Balkans only have to gain and not to lose.”

08:47 On expectations from the elections in Serbia

“I think that the case remains the same. Deepening of democracy, economic and political transformations have to continue and then I think that the road is open.”

09:01 Cutaways of the conference and the panellists

09:13 Cutaways of General de Kermabon

09:25 Cutaways of Pantelis Sklias

09:33 Cutaways of Doris Pack

09:55 Cutaways of Jean François Terral

10:04 Cutaways of the conference

10:48 Cutaways of the French Senate building – exterior

Vox Populi : Should the EU enlarge to the Western Balkans?

11:12 J’étais à Noël en Croatie, et donc j’ai une expérience récente du pays. La Croatie j’ai trouvé que c’était comme en France. J’étais à Dubrovnik.

« I was in Croatia for Christmas, so I have a fresh experience of the country. Croatia I found is like France. I was in Dubrovnik.”

11 :25 Pourquoi pas, à partir du moment où on a certains critères de sélection, on peut pas non plus faire rentrer n’importe qui, je pense qu’il faut s’adapter aussi à un certain contexte européen, il y a pas de problèmes.

Ca fait partie de la diversité.

Ouais. On s’enrichit de toute façon avec la diversité culturelle, ouais.

« Why not, as long as we have selection criteria, we cannot let anyone in, one need to adapt to the European context, there is no problem.

It’s part of the diversity.

Yeah, we enrich ourselves with the cultural diversity, yes.”

11 :37 Ben moi je suis plutôt pour.

Ouais dans le principe.

Pour l’élargissement de l’UE.

Q : Vers la Turquie aussi ?

A : Ouais, carrément.

« I’m for it.

In principle.

For the enlargement of the EU

Q:Even to Turkey?

A: Yes totally”

11 :49 Bien sûr, pourquoi pas. La Yougoslavie c’est le cœur de l’Europe quand même. La Yougoslavie en général, maintenant c’est divisé en plusieurs pays, normalement ils prennent tous les pays, ils rentrent… C’est le cœur de l’Europe. Si le cœur de l’Europe est exclu de l’Europe, non ? Hein, à votre avis ? Je sais pas, je pense…

« Of course, why not. Yugoslavia is the heart of Europe. Yugoslavia in general, now it’s split up in differnet countries bit normally they take all the countries, they get in… It’s the heart of Europe . If the heart of Europe is excluded from Europe, he? What do you think? I don’t know but…”

12 :10 A court terme, je pense pas, peut-être après à moyen ou long terme peut être mais actuellement non.

Un horizon d’au moins cinq ou dix ans je pense.

« In the short term I don’t think so but maybe later, in the mid or long term, but now no.

A period of at least five to ten years.”

12 :19 Nous on a bénéficié de l’aide de l’Europe et je pense que c’est bien d’en faire bénéficier les petits pays.

« We took advantage of European aid and I think it would be good to let smaller countries take advantage now »

12 :25 C’est difficile de répondre parce que moi je suis pas trop pour, je suis pas pour.

Pourquoi ?

Parce que je suis pas pour.

« It’s hard to answer because I’m not for it really, I’m not.

Why?

Because I’m not.”

12 :37 END OF TRANSMISSION

 

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